Uterine Fibroids are benign tumours of smooth muscle cells of myometrium with large aggregation of extracellular matrix composed of collagen, elastin, fibronectin & proteoglycan.
Precise causes of fibroids are unknown
Estrogen & Progesterone appear to promote the development of fibroids.Hence factors leading to exposure to estrogen like Obesity,early menarche increase their incidence. Factors leading to low exposure to estrogen like exercise,increased parity decrease their incidence.
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Site & Types of Uterine Fibroids -
- Pedunculated intracavity - Hanging in the uterine cavity with an attachment with endometrum
- Submucosal - Lying in the intimacy of uterine endometrium
- Intramural - Embedded in myometrum
- Pedunculated subserosal - Hanging outside uterus with an attachment with serosa
Symptoms
Fibroids are most commonly Asymptomatic
- They may give rise to lower abdominal pain ( pedunculated intracavity)
- Heavy menstrual bleeding is not clearly established.
- Increased urinary frequency & urgency may be present Diagnosis is by Ultrasound Imaging to know number,size & location
Treatment
- If asymptomatic ,should be left alone.Wait & watch is advised as a woman approaches menopause ,the fibroids may reduce in size.
- Submucosal fibroids may reduce fertility hence Myomectomy ( removal of fibroid) may be advised.
- Hysterectomy is indicated if the symptoms of uterine fibroids are affecting her quality of life.
Role of Yoga
- Knowledge based assaurence to minimise anxiety of the patient
- Relaxation techniques to alleviate anxiety
- Yogic Posture sequence to reduce her body weight
- Selective prone & forward bending postures to reduce abdominal pain.